My June '11 Appointment with the Immunologist

In June of 2011 I had an appointment with my immunologist. After much discussion, we decided to stop my IVIG infusions (at least temporarily) due to the fact that they were so negatively impacting my quality of life. Even after switching to Gammagard S/D as a weekly sub-Q treatment, I would still lose 2 days every week recuperating from my infusions. I was working full-time and switched my schedule to 10-hr days so I could have every Friday off to accommodate my 8-hr infusions. Every Saturday was spent in bed recuperating, and by Sunday I'd be able to walk around and have a less-intense headache than Saturday...basically every weekend sucked. To make matters worse, in order to keep the side effects minimal, I was on oral steroids the day of my infusion and the day after, and those steroids significantly impacted my mood and many aspects of my life. All-in-all, I was pretty miserable and often thought that I couldn't face a lifetime of infusions every week.

So we stopped the infusions and my Dr put me on daily prophylactic antibiotics. I now take 250 mg of Ceftin every day. It seems to work as well as the infusions at preventing infections. I'm getting sick at the same rate (about once a month), and when I'm not sick I feel pretty darn good (comparatively). I was afraid that my energy would drop off, but instead it's increased significantly. The combination being off of the Trileptal (which may have caused the CVID) and being off of my infusions also accommodates that nearly-impossible goal that will allow me to find out whether I was born with CVID or whether I had the right genetic makeup for Trileptal to trigger it in me. It will be good to know.

Appointment with Immunologist

Last week I saw Dr. Lewis at Stanford again and he gave me the results of all the tests that they ran last time. IMy IgA was undetectable, IgM was up, and IgG is now over 1500! They said they don't want it to go higher. I responded well to Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and had normal results for Tuberculosis.

Dr Nelson, the Fellow who works with me most, said that they might run the IgA antibody test on me, at least, I think that's what she said. At first I thought she meant they'd run a test on me to see if I'm allergic to IgG, which she said I could be since I'm having so many reactions to my treatments, so I'm really not certain what test they mean to run.

Dr Lewis recommended various specialists for me who at least know him, and hopefully are familiar with CVID too.

We discussed ways to deal with my treatments, and for now we're going to continue as is with taking my asthma medicine regularly, taking my rescue inhaler 20 minutes before treatment and again 4 hours later, taking 2 prednisone, 2 Tylenol, and 2 Benadryl. I get exhausted just writing about it. ;) He also recommended that I start pushing hydration, even harder than I normally would for an infusion, starting the day before and continuing for 2 days afterward.

If those suggestions don't work, then they will add in using my nebulizer before/during treatment, and that would mean I'd also have to take Clonazepam to stave off seizures. What fun! I'm hoping and praying that it won't come to that. If that doesn't work, then they'll move on to about 20ml treatments / day probably for 5 days of the week. If I still have problems with that, then they will take me off of Ig therapy and put me on prophylactic antibiotics.

So, now that I know all the possibilities, I'm more coming to terms with my fears over the worst case scenario. Dr Lewis thinks that I should adapt to the current treatment and that the realistic worst it will be for me is to add in the nebulizer. That's much more acceptable to me than trying to wing it with antibiotics.

Here are some of the questions I asked while I was there:

Question: Can I eat sushi safely?

Answer: Yes, although eating exclusively saltwater sushi is safest, and salmon is the most dangerous.

Question: What wording should I use on my medic-alert bracelet?

Answer: IgA deficient with CVID

Question: What is IgM?

Answer: IgM is the body's first line of defense against infection, but IgG covers for it.

Question: IgA is for protecting our eyes, mouths, and mucus membranes from bacteria/viruses, do I need to be extra cautious of infection in those places due to not having IgA?

Answer: IgG will protect those places also

Dr Lewis told me that many of his CVID patients get daily migraines, and also migraines that precipitate IVIG. He recommended a drug called Diamox, but when I mentioned it to my neurologist the neurologist said that Diamox is for brain swelling, and gave me Verapamil instead. Apparently Verapamil is good for neurologic migraines.

Appointment with Primary Immunodeficiency Specialist

Today I had my first appointment with a true specialist in immunology at a local research hospital.

He's a pediatric immunologist, but sees adults once a week. I saw a fellow first who was very nice and also seemed very competent, she asked me a lot of questions about my history, especially regarding infections. Then the doctor came in with another fellow and sat down, talked to me in-depth, and very patiently answered my questions.

The doctor is concerned that the original tests that I had at diagnosis were not sensitive enough to detect how low my IgA actually is. My test results show <25, but that just means that my IgA is lower than the test is capable of showing. Because I have a history of bad reactions to both Carimmune NH IVIG, and have had a few bad reactions to Hizentra SubQ, he suspects that I might have an IgA level below 6. He also said that if that's the case, and I keep having Hizentra or other high-IgA gammaglobulin treatments, my body could make IgA antibodies which would mean that I could eventually have very serious reactions like anaphylaxis to the treatments.

He plans to run more in-depth and sensitive tests on me to check out my IgA level, see what antibodies I have for various diseases, test for RA and Lupus, and see what I have in terms of Candida. There was probably more, but I'm having trouble remembering.

I am very excited about being able to see this doctor. I believe he will help me a lot! He recommended that for my next Hizentra treatment I take 2 Benadryl, and 1 Tylenol and see if I do better.

I will keep the Fioricet as an option later if I get a migraine, but because it has Tylenol in it, I would have to wait hours after taking the Tylenol before doing that.

He kept reiterating that CVID is actually a "blanket name" for many different diseases, and they will test me to find out more about what I actually have. I'm so excited! :D

My Questions for the Doctor, and his answers:
(Note, I may have not fully understood his responses, or not written fast enough and can't remember exactly what he said (I took notes as he answered my questions). This is my best summary of what he said to me today. I hope it helps, but check out what I have here with your own doctor)

Questions for PI Specialist

Question: Should I take steroids (or any drug that lowers the immune system) ever? (eg: nasal sprays, inhalers, eczema creams, prednisone, etc)

Answer: Yes, as needed for asthma, allergies, autoimmune disorders, etc.     Avoid over-use of oral steroids due to them affecting the blood

 Question: Should we get treatments while sick?

• What about with an infection or while on antibiotics?

Answer: Yes, unless you have a high fever which might mask a reaction to the medication

Question: Should I stay away from children (some doctors have said that I should)?

Answer: No, but use caution. If they are sick, wear a mask, keep distance, and wash hands frequently

Question: What is your "goal" IgG level for me?

Answer: Based on individual, but around 800 for me. He also said that some people are fine at 600, but he doesn't think that I'm one who would be.

Question: Will you test me for IgA antibodies?

Answer: Possibly, if I have very low IgA (under 6.0)

Question: If I have IgA antibodies is it still safe for me to have Hizentra?

Answer: No because I will make antibodies to the IgA, and will then be more likely to have a very serious reaction to my treatments.

Question: Is it safe for me to receive a blood transfusion?

Answer: It is unless I have very low (under 6.0) IgA, in that case a blood transfusion could be very dangerous

Question: Can/will you do genetic testing? I think there’s a family history...

Answer: In my case, yes because I’ve been sick for so much of my life. A very small percentage of people have the defective TACI gene, and the people with the other associated defective genes are even more rare. He will test me for the TACI defect.

Question: Is it possible to have CVID your whole life, but have your immune system crash at some point where your numbers fall, or will they always be low?

Answer: Yes, but because I’ve been sick for so long that’s probably not the case.

Question: Do you treat the patient or the IgG levels?

Answer: He cares about the patient’s well-being, and some patients are good at lower levels and there are treatments other than IgG replacement that work for them. He does not think that is the case with me.

Question: Are you currently researching CVID?

Answer: Yes, he has a budget for researching CVID and is accepting patients for the research

Question: How will you help me regain my quality of life?

Answer: By finding a more appropriate treatment for me.

Question: Can CVID patients make antibodies?

Answer: Yes, especially for things like Lupus and RA

Question: Can CVID patients  test positive to things like Lupus, RA, etc?

Answer: Yes (see above)

Question: Should CVID Patients wear a Medic Alert Bracelet?

Answer: Yes, especially if they have very low IgA, then they should specify CVID – No IgA (or something like that)

Question: Should I have antibiotics for dental appointments? (Fillings, etc)

Answer: No, the primary reason for that is to avoid heart valve infections.

Question: Can we eat honey safely? I read that it’s an issue w/ babies because of them not having enough good bacteria in their intestinal tract, but ours can be wiped out by antibiotics and other drugs...

Answer: Yes

Question: Should we get vaccinations?
Answer: There's not much point because of the vaccinations being covered by IVIG/SubQ--except the most recent flu vaccination. You especially need it if you're on Hizentra.

Question: Is a problem with the innate immune system (limited/no swelling, low body temp, diminished pain response) related to CVID?
Answer: Yes, the innate immune system is (can be? don't remember which he said) linked to CVID, but they don't know how yet. I also don't remember whether he said for all CVID patients, or just some. I do remember him saying that they see things like low body temp, and not swelling in some CVID patients. He also said that some patients don't heal at the normal rate.

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If any doctors who saw me today disagree with the information I provided here, please either send me an e-mail or write a comment below. I will correct the information right away. Thank you! :)

Transitioning to Sub-Q

As I mentioned in a previous post, I'm in the process of switching over to Hizentra subcutaneous IgG (Sub-Q). Switching from IVIG to Sub-Q is a matter of personal choice and has advantages and disadvantages--although for me, I only see advantages in making the switch.

For the sake of clarity, IVIG is the form of Immunoglobulin treatment that requires an IV and nurses to administer each time. Sub-Q is a different form of the same treatment, but is administered into the fat layer under the skin (as opposed to a vein), and after instruction from a nurse, a patient gives themselves the treatment in the comfort of their own home. I already stated that I see only pros to Sub-Q now (originally I couldn't understand why anyone would want to do it), but I will try to list the features of both treatments for a more direct comparison.

IVIG	Sub-Q
Administered every 3-4 weeks	Administered every week (or more)
Treatment can take anywhere from 2 - 12 hours or longer	Treatment generally takes an hour or 2 -- longer if desired
"Many" different brands to choose from	Currently 2 brands to choose from (both made by CSL Behring)
A clinic or home nurse needed for every treatment	Patient administers to themselves after training
One IV needle per treatment	Two to eight tiny needles per treatment
Treatment administered directly into vein	Treatment administered into fat under skin
Side effects are very common	Side effects are reduced
Premedications generally required	Premedications often required
Bruising or other irritation at injection site	Itching, swelling or other irritation at injection site
Patient has to arrange infusion schedule with nurse or clinic	Patient administers treatment at home on their own schedule and terms
Energy drain tends to happen the week before an infusion	Patient is able to maintain levels in a more steady state, resulting in higher energy
Medical insurance generally covers treatment as a Dr. Visit	Covered by Pharmaceutical insurance as a specialty drug
Everything is set-up for the patient by nurses each time	Patient does all set-up and prep work
Diluted solution--high volume = more time	Concentrated solution--low volume = less time

When my doctor first told me about Sub-Q I was repulsed by the idea. I couldn't imagine sticking myself with multiple needles every week, or even sitting through the treatment that frequently. I think that I've had a change of heart for a number of reasons though. First of all, I've gotten really sick from side-effects of IVIG. I think the first time I read in my support group that other people who had switched were no longer having rashes or breathing problems or exhaustion, was the first time I gave Sub-Q some serious consideration. Then, I met someone who had actually switched, and he was so thrilled with the results that by the time I finished talking to him I'd gone from hesitantly accepting that I might try it one day to thinking it might be a great idea for me. Then add in the hassles I've had with the nurses at the infusion center, the fact that my treatments take an entire day and often make me so sick that I miss work, the lack of energy and frequent illnesses and infections, and I'm ready to make the switch!

I like the idea of being able to do my treatment when it works for me rather than being held to the Infusion Center's schedule, I spoke to some home health nursing facilities when I was weighing other options for sticking with IVIG, and they sounded like they would be trying to rush me through my treatments too, so that didn't sound like a viable option either. The thought of having more energy, being sick less frequently (with time), and no one rushing me or hassling me sounds heavenly!

Immunologist Appointment 

Thursday, July 1, 2010 

I saw my immunologist yesterday, and we agreed that when I see her in September she'll set me up to start on Hizentra SubQ. I'm excited, and would like to start sooner, but she's kind of swamped and will be the first doctor in her department to start a patient on SubQ. Her nurse is on vacation for the next 5 weeks, so she wants to wait until her nurse is back to help her with the forms. I gave her a copy of my insurance card just in case it turns out to be easy enough for her to set it up without her nurse, but I'm not holding my breath over it. She said she has an even more complicated patient right now who's needing a lot of her help and she's having to do a lot of research to help this person. I don't begrudge that since she helped me the same way, and it's awesome to know that your doctor cares enough to spend that kind of time to investigate and try to find the best answers. 

She'd never heard of Hizentra before, she'd only heard of Vivaglobulin, but when I told her that they're made by the same company, she was less worried about doing the Hizentra than she was when I first mentioned the name. I'd considered printing off a copy of Hizentra info from their website, but didn't. I wish I had as it might have made things a little easier for her, nevertheless, she's willing to put me on it. From the time she left the office until the nurse came back in to give me back my disability form, my doctor had phoned the drug manufacturer and found out what pump to prescribe for me and was already trying to get the ball rolling. I really appreciate her attitude!

She authorized my return to work at 20 hours per week, and didn't give an end date for now, although I just realized that will be necessary for my insurance to cover my disability payments while I'm part time. Oh well, hopefully they'll be in the office tomorrow. ;)